水泥撒布車作為道路施工中的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備，其作業(yè)效率直接影響工程進(jìn)度。但在實際使用中，堵料問題時有發(fā)生，若處理不當(dāng)可能導(dǎo)致設(shè)備損壞或工期延誤。本文將結(jié)合實際操作經(jīng)驗，詳細(xì)解析水泥撒布車堵料后的處理流程及預(yù)防措施。

　　As a key equipment in road construction, the efficiency of cement spreading vehicles directly affects the progress of the project. However, in practical use, material blockage problems often occur, and improper handling may result in equipment damage or project delays. This article will provide a detailed analysis of the handling process and preventive measures for cement spreading vehicles after blockage, based on practical operational experience.

　　當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)水泥撒布車出現(xiàn)堵料現(xiàn)象時，操作人員需保持冷靜，立即停止進(jìn)料并關(guān)閉空氣壓縮機(jī)。這一步驟至關(guān)重要，可防止物料持續(xù)堆積加劇堵塞程度。隨后需釋放罐內(nèi)殘余氣壓，通過觀察壓力表指針歸零確認(rèn)安全后，方可進(jìn)行后續(xù)操作。

　　When the cement spreading truck is found to be blocked, the operator needs to remain calm, immediately stop feeding and turn off the air compressor. This step is crucial to prevent the continuous accumulation of materials from exacerbating the degree of blockage. Subsequently, the residual air pressure inside the tank needs to be released. After confirming safety by observing the pressure gauge pointer return to zero, subsequent operations can be carried out.

　　定位堵塞位置是處理堵料的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。操作人員可通過觀察孔查看管道內(nèi)物料流動狀態(tài)，若發(fā)現(xiàn)某段管道無物料通過或流動緩慢，即可初步判斷為堵塞區(qū)域。對于隱蔽部位，可采用敲擊聽聲法輔助判斷——用橡膠錘輕敲管道外壁，堵塞部位會因物料壓實產(chǎn)生沉悶聲響，與正常段的清脆聲響形成對比。

　　Identifying the location of blockages is a crucial step in dealing with blockages. The operator can observe the flow status of materials inside the pipeline through the observation hole. If no materials pass through or flow slowly in a certain section of the pipeline, it can be preliminarily judged as a blocked area. For concealed areas, the tapping and listening method can be used to assist in judgment - lightly tapping the outer wall of the pipeline with a rubber hammer, the blocked area will produce a dull sound due to material compaction, which contrasts with the crisp sound of the normal section.

　　針對不同堵塞程度，需采取差異化疏通策略。輕微堵塞時，可啟動空氣炮裝置，通過瞬間釋放的高壓氣體沖擊結(jié)塊物料。操作時需將空氣炮噴嘴對準(zhǔn)堵塞部位，保持30-45度夾角，連續(xù)沖擊3-5次，每次間隔5秒，利用氣流擾動使物料重新流動。若空氣炮效果不佳，可改用振動器輔助疏通，將振動器固定在管道外壁堵塞區(qū)域，開啟中檔振動模式，持續(xù)振動2-3分鐘后暫停觀察，避免長時間振動導(dǎo)致管道連接部位松動。

　　Differentiated dredging strategies should be adopted for different degrees of blockage. When there is a slight blockage, the air cannon device can be activated to instantly release high-pressure gas to impact the agglomerated material. When operating, align the air cannon nozzle with the blocked area, maintain a 30-45 degree angle, and continuously impact 3-5 times, with a 5-second interval between each impact. Use airflow disturbance to make the material flow again. If the air cannon is not effective, a vibrator can be used to assist in dredging. The vibrator should be fixed in the blocked area on the outer wall of the pipeline, and the mid-range vibration mode should be turned on. After continuous vibration for 2-3 minutes, the observation should be paused to avoid loosening of the pipeline connection due to prolonged vibration.

　　對于嚴(yán)重堵塞情況，需進(jìn)行人工清理。操作人員需穿戴防護(hù)服、防塵口罩和護(hù)目鏡，從檢修口進(jìn)入罐內(nèi)。使用專用的疏通工具，如帶彎頭的鋼釬，沿管道走向逐步清理結(jié)塊物料。清理過程中需注意保護(hù)管道內(nèi)壁的防腐涂層，避免使用尖銳工具造成二次損傷。若堵塞部位位于卸料口附近，可拆卸卸料管法蘭盤，分段清理內(nèi)部積料。

　　For severe blockage situations, manual cleaning is required. Operators need to wear protective clothing, dust masks, and goggles when entering the tank through the inspection port. Use specialized dredging tools, such as steel drills with bends, to gradually clean up clumped materials along the direction of the pipeline. During the cleaning process, attention should be paid to protecting the anti-corrosion coating on the inner wall of the pipeline and avoiding secondary damage caused by the use of sharp tools. If the blockage is located near the discharge port, the flange of the discharge pipe can be removed and the internal material accumulation can be cleaned in sections.

　　完成疏通后，需對設(shè)備進(jìn)行全面檢查與調(diào)試。首先檢查所有管道連接處的密封性，更換磨損的密封墊圈；其次測試空氣壓縮機(jī)的工作壓力，確保在0.6-0.8MPa范圍內(nèi)；最后進(jìn)行空載試運行，觀察物料流動是否順暢，壓力表指針是否穩(wěn)定。只有當(dāng)設(shè)備各項參數(shù)恢復(fù)正常后，方可重新投入作業(yè)。

　　After completing the dredging, a comprehensive inspection and debugging of the equipment is required. Firstly, check the sealing of all pipeline connections and replace worn sealing gaskets; Next, test the working pressure of the air compressor to ensure it is within the range of 0.6-0.8MPa; Finally, conduct a no-load trial run to observe whether the material flow is smooth and whether the pressure gauge pointer is stable. Only when all parameters of the device have returned to normal, can it be put back into operation.

　　為預(yù)防堵料問題，日常維護(hù)至關(guān)重要。每次作業(yè)結(jié)束后，應(yīng)使用壓縮空氣徹底清理罐體及管道內(nèi)的殘留水泥，重點清理彎頭、變徑管等易積料部位。定期對料位器進(jìn)行校準(zhǔn)，確保其檢測精度，避免因誤報導(dǎo)致過載裝料。在潮濕環(huán)境作業(yè)時，需在水泥中添加防潮劑，將物料含水率控制在3%以內(nèi)，防止結(jié)塊。

　　Daily maintenance is crucial to prevent material blockage issues. After each assignment, compressed air should be used to thoroughly clean the residual cement in the tank and pipeline, with a focus on cleaning areas such as bends and reducers that are prone to material accumulation. Regularly calibrate the level gauge to ensure its detection accuracy and avoid overloading due to false alarms. When working in a humid environment, moisture-proof agents should be added to cement to control the moisture content of the material within 3% and prevent clumping.

　　操作規(guī)范同樣不容忽視。裝料前必須打開排氣閥排除罐內(nèi)殘壓，裝料過程中要實時監(jiān)控料位器信號，達(dá)到滿位刻度線時立即停止裝料。卸料時應(yīng)選擇平坦堅實的場地，將車輛停穩(wěn)后連接卸料管，遵循“先開二次風(fēng)嘴閥，再開卸料閥”的操作順序，通過調(diào)節(jié)二次風(fēng)嘴閥開度控制空氣與水泥的混合比例，保持物料呈流化狀態(tài)輸出。

　　The operational standards cannot be ignored either. Before loading, the exhaust valve must be opened to eliminate residual pressure in the tank. During the loading process, the level indicator signal should be monitored in real time, and the loading should be stopped immediately when the full level mark is reached. When unloading, a flat and solid site should be selected. After stopping the vehicle, connect the unloading pipe and follow the operation sequence of "opening the secondary air nozzle valve first, then opening the unloading valve". By adjusting the opening of the secondary air nozzle valve, control the mixing ratio of air and cement, and maintain the material in a fluidized state for output.

　　對于易堵料的高風(fēng)險工況，可采取技術(shù)改造措施。在卸料管道的關(guān)鍵部位加裝振動電機(jī)，設(shè)置定時振動程序，每作業(yè)30分鐘自動啟動振動1分鐘，破壞物料結(jié)拱條件。在罐體頂部增設(shè)人孔檢修平臺，配備防爆照明燈和應(yīng)急通風(fēng)裝置，便于日常檢查和突發(fā)情況處理。

　　For high-risk working conditions where materials are prone to blockage, technical transformation measures can be taken. Install vibration motors at key parts of the unloading pipeline, set a timed vibration program, and automatically start vibration for 1 minute every 30 minutes of operation to destroy the material arching conditions. Install a manhole maintenance platform at the top of the tank, equipped with explosion-proof lighting and emergency ventilation devices for daily inspections and emergency situations.

　　水泥撒布車堵料問題的處理需要操作人員具備專業(yè)的判斷能力和規(guī)范的處置流程。通過掌握科學(xué)的處理方法，結(jié)合有效的預(yù)防措施，可顯著降低堵料發(fā)生概率，確保設(shè)備始終處于最佳工作狀態(tài)，為道路施工的高效推進(jìn)提供有力保障。

　　The handling of material blockage in cement spreading vehicles requires operators to have professional judgment ability and standardized disposal procedures. By mastering scientific processing methods and combining them with effective preventive measures, the probability of material blockage can be significantly reduced, ensuring that the equipment is always in the best working condition and providing strong support for the efficient promotion of road construction.

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