水泥撒布車作為道路基層施工的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備，能將水泥均勻撒布在土基或砂石層上，其水泥用量的精準(zhǔn)控制直接影響基層的強(qiáng)度與穩(wěn)定性。過量撒布會(huì)增加施工成本且可能導(dǎo)致基層開裂，用量不足則無法滿足強(qiáng)度要求，因此設(shè)備通過多重系統(tǒng)協(xié)同作用，實(shí)現(xiàn)水泥用量的精準(zhǔn)調(diào)控，適應(yīng)不同施工厚度與材料配比需求。

　　As a key equipment for road base construction, cement spreader can evenly spread cement on soil or sand layers. The precise control of its cement dosage directly affects the strength and stability of the base. Excessive spreading can increase construction costs and may lead to cracking of the base layer, while insufficient amount cannot meet the strength requirements. Therefore, the equipment achieves precise control of cement dosage through the synergy of multiple systems, adapting to different construction thicknesses and material mix requirements.

　　計(jì)量系統(tǒng)是控制水泥用量的基礎(chǔ)，通過精準(zhǔn)測(cè)量水泥的輸送量，為后續(xù)調(diào)控提供數(shù)據(jù)依據(jù)。容積式計(jì)量裝置是常見的計(jì)量方式，其核心是螺旋輸送機(jī)，輸送機(jī)的螺距和轉(zhuǎn)速固定時(shí)，單位時(shí)間內(nèi)輸送的水泥體積恒定，通過計(jì)算輸送機(jī)工作時(shí)間可得出總輸送量，這種方式結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，成本較低，適合對(duì)精度要求不高的基層施工。重量式計(jì)量裝置則通過安裝在料斗下方的稱重傳感器實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)計(jì)量，傳感器能實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)水泥的重量變化，將重量信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)化為電信號(hào)傳輸至控制系統(tǒng)，計(jì)量誤差可控制在 ±1% 以內(nèi)，適合高等級(jí)公路施工，確保水泥用量符合設(shè)計(jì)配比。部分先進(jìn)的水泥撒布車還會(huì)采用容積與重量復(fù)合計(jì)量方式，通過雙重校驗(yàn)減少單一計(jì)量方式的誤差，在螺旋輸送機(jī)輸送水泥的同時(shí)，稱重傳感器同步監(jiān)測(cè)重量變化，當(dāng)兩者數(shù)據(jù)偏差超過設(shè)定值時(shí)，系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)發(fā)出預(yù)警，提醒操作人員檢查設(shè)備狀態(tài)。

　　The measuring system is the foundation for controlling the amount of cement used, providing data basis for subsequent regulation by accurately measuring the amount of cement transported. Volumetric measuring device is a common measuring method, and its core is a screw conveyor. When the pitch and speed of the conveyor are fixed, the volume of cement conveyed per unit time is constant. By calculating the working time of the conveyor, the total conveying volume can be obtained. This method has a simple structure, low cost, and is suitable for grassroots construction with low precision requirements. The weight based measuring device achieves precise measurement through a weighing sensor installed below the hopper. The sensor can detect the weight changes of cement in real time, convert the weight signal into an electrical signal, and transmit it to the control system. The measurement error can be controlled within ± 1%, which is suitable for high-grade highway construction and ensures that the cement dosage meets the design ratio. Some advanced cement spreading vehicles also adopt a composite measurement method of volume and weight, which reduces the error of a single measurement method through double verification. While the screw conveyor transports cement, the weighing sensor synchronously monitors the weight change. When the deviation between the two data exceeds the set value, the system automatically issues a warning to remind the operator to check the equipment status.

　　控制系統(tǒng)是水泥用量調(diào)控的核心，通過接收計(jì)量信號(hào)并調(diào)節(jié)執(zhí)行部件，實(shí)現(xiàn)用量的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡。操作控制臺(tái)配備液晶顯示屏和控制手柄，顯示屏實(shí)時(shí)顯示當(dāng)前撒布寬度、車輛行駛速度、水泥單位面積用量等參數(shù)，操作人員可根據(jù)施工設(shè)計(jì)要求（如每平方米撒布 3-5 公斤水泥），在控制臺(tái)上設(shè)定目標(biāo)用量。速度傳感器與車輛行駛系統(tǒng)聯(lián)動(dòng)，當(dāng)車輛行駛速度變化時(shí)（如加速或減速），控制系統(tǒng)會(huì)自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)水泥輸送裝置的轉(zhuǎn)速 —— 速度加快時(shí)，提高螺旋輸送機(jī)或刮板輸送機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速，增加單位時(shí)間水泥輸送量；速度減慢時(shí)，則降低輸送裝置轉(zhuǎn)速，減少輸送量，確保單位面積水泥用量保持穩(wěn)定。這種速度與輸送量的聯(lián)動(dòng)控制，能有效避免因車輛行駛不均勻?qū)е碌乃嗳霾己龆嗪錾?，尤其在彎道或坡道施工時(shí)，保障撒布均勻性。

　　The control system is the core of cement dosage regulation, which achieves dynamic balance of dosage by receiving measurement signals and adjusting execution components. The control console is equipped with a LCD screen and a control handle. The screen displays real-time parameters such as the current spreading width, vehicle speed, and cement unit area usage. Operators can set the target usage on the console according to construction design requirements (such as spreading 3-5 kilograms of cement per square meter). The speed sensor is linked to the vehicle's driving system. When the vehicle's driving speed changes (such as acceleration or deceleration), the control system will automatically adjust the speed of the cement conveying device. When the speed increases, the speed of the screw conveyor or scraper conveyor will be increased to increase the cement conveying volume per unit time; When the speed slows down, reduce the speed of the conveying device, decrease the conveying volume, and ensure that the cement consumption per unit area remains stable. This linkage control between speed and conveying capacity can effectively avoid the uneven distribution of cement caused by uneven vehicle travel, especially during construction on curves or slopes, ensuring uniform distribution.

　　執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)根據(jù)控制系統(tǒng)的指令調(diào)整水泥輸送量，是用量控制的終端環(huán)節(jié)。螺旋輸送機(jī)構(gòu)通過改變電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)節(jié)輸送量，電機(jī)采用變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)，轉(zhuǎn)速可在 0-1500 轉(zhuǎn) / 分鐘范圍內(nèi)連續(xù)調(diào)節(jié)，轉(zhuǎn)速越高，單位時(shí)間輸送的水泥量越多，反之則越少，變頻調(diào)速響應(yīng)迅速，能在 0.5 秒內(nèi)完成轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)整，適應(yīng)車輛行駛速度的快速變化。刮板輸送機(jī)構(gòu)則通過調(diào)節(jié)刮板的運(yùn)行速度或刮板間距控制用量，刮板速度由液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)，通過改變液壓油流量調(diào)節(jié)馬達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)速，進(jìn)而改變刮板輸送頻率，適合大粒徑水泥或含少量結(jié)塊的水泥輸送。料斗門開度調(diào)節(jié)是輔助控制手段，料斗門位于料斗底部，通過液壓油缸調(diào)節(jié)開度大小，開度越大，水泥下落速度越快，開度越小則下落速度越慢，通常與輸送機(jī)構(gòu)配合使用 —— 當(dāng)需要大幅調(diào)整用量時(shí)，先調(diào)節(jié)料斗門開度設(shè)定大致范圍，再通過輸送機(jī)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行精細(xì)調(diào)節(jié)，提高控制效率。

　　The executing agency adjusts the cement conveying volume according to the instructions of the control system, which is the terminal link of quantity control. The spiral conveying mechanism adjusts the conveying amount by changing the motor speed. The motor adopts variable frequency speed regulation technology, and the speed can be continuously adjusted within the range of 0-1500 revolutions per minute. The higher the speed, the more cement is conveyed per unit time, and the lower it is. Variable frequency speed regulation responds quickly and can complete speed adjustment within 0.5 seconds, adapting to the rapid changes in vehicle speed. The scraper conveying mechanism controls the quantity by adjusting the running speed or spacing of the scraper. The scraper speed is driven by a hydraulic motor, and the motor speed is adjusted by changing the hydraulic oil flow rate, thereby changing the scraper conveying frequency. It is suitable for conveying large particle size cement or cement containing a small amount of clumps. The adjustment of the opening of the hopper door is an auxiliary control method. The hopper door is located at the bottom of the hopper, and the opening size is adjusted by a hydraulic cylinder. The larger the opening, the faster the cement falls, and the smaller the opening, the slower the falling speed. It is usually used in conjunction with a conveying mechanism - when a large adjustment of the usage is needed, the opening of the hopper door is first adjusted to set a rough range, and then the speed of the conveying mechanism is finely adjusted to improve control efficiency.

　　撒布寬度調(diào)節(jié)是控制單位面積用量的重要補(bǔ)充，通過改變?nèi)霾几采w范圍適應(yīng)不同施工場(chǎng)景。水泥撒布車的撒布寬度可通過折疊式撒布架調(diào)節(jié)，撒布架兩側(cè)的翼板可伸縮或折疊，最小撒布寬度通常為 2 米，最大可達(dá) 6 米以上，操作人員根據(jù)施工路段寬度（如單車道 3.5 米）調(diào)整撒布架寬度，確保水泥撒布范圍與施工路段匹配，避免撒布到路肩外造成浪費(fèi)。撒布架上的導(dǎo)流板角度可單獨(dú)調(diào)節(jié)，通過改變導(dǎo)流板角度控制水泥的撒布方向，在靠近路緣石或建筑物的區(qū)域，可將導(dǎo)流板角度調(diào)小，減少水泥向外側(cè)撒布，確保邊緣區(qū)域用量與中間區(qū)域一致，避免邊緣用量過多或不足。部分撒布車還在撒布架兩側(cè)安裝擋板，擋板高度可調(diào)節(jié)，防止水泥在風(fēng)力作用下向外側(cè)飄散，尤其在有風(fēng)天氣施工時(shí)，能有效減少水泥損失，保證實(shí)際用量與設(shè)定值一致。

　　The adjustment of spreading width is an important supplement to controlling the unit area usage, which adapts to different construction scenarios by changing the spreading coverage range. The spreading width of the cement spreading vehicle can be adjusted through a folding spreading frame, and the wing plates on both sides of the spreading frame can be extended or folded. The minimum spreading width is usually 2 meters, and the maximum can be more than 6 meters. The operator adjusts the spreading frame width according to the width of the construction section (such as a single lane of 3.5 meters) to ensure that the cement spreading range matches the construction section and avoid spreading outside the shoulder, causing waste. The angle of the guide plate on the spreading rack can be adjusted separately. By changing the angle of the guide plate, the direction of cement spreading can be controlled. In areas close to curbstones or buildings, the angle of the guide plate can be adjusted smaller to reduce cement spreading outward, ensuring that the amount of edge area is consistent with that of the middle area, and avoiding excessive or insufficient amount of edge area. Some of the spreading vehicles are also equipped with baffles on both sides of the spreading frame. The height of the baffles can be adjusted to prevent cement from drifting outward under the action of wind, especially during construction in windy weather, which can effectively reduce cement loss and ensure that the actual amount is consistent with the set value.

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